Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	13
Number of observations	6321
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	642.1 KiB
Average record size in memory	104.0 B

Variable types

Numeric	9
Categorical	4

Alerts

`Bidder_ID` has a high cardinality: 1054 distinct values	High cardinality
`Bidding_Ratio` is highly correlated with `Successive_Outbidding` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`Last_Bidding` is highly correlated with `Early_Bidding`	High correlation
`Auction_Bids` is highly correlated with `Starting_Price_Average`	High correlation
`Starting_Price_Average` is highly correlated with `Auction_Bids`	High correlation
`Early_Bidding` is highly correlated with `Last_Bidding`	High correlation
`Winning_Ratio` is highly correlated with `Bidding_Ratio` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`Successive_Outbidding` is highly correlated with `Bidding_Ratio` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`Class` is highly correlated with `Bidding_Ratio` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`Record_ID` has unique values	Unique
`Bidder_Tendency` has 153 (2.4%) zeros	Zeros
`Auction_Bids` has 2823 (44.7%) zeros	Zeros
`Starting_Price_Average` has 3253 (51.5%) zeros	Zeros
`Winning_Ratio` has 3640 (57.6%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2022-12-28 22:02:05.868048
Analysis finished	2022-12-28 22:02:19.290624
Duration	13.42 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.4.0
Download configuration	config.json

Record_ID
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

UNIQUE

Distinct	6321
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	7535.829457

Minimum	1
Maximum	15144
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	49.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	741
Q1	3778
median	7591
Q3	11277
95-th percentile	14376
Maximum	15144
Range	15143
Interquartile range (IQR)	7499

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4364.759137
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5792008911
Kurtosis	-1.194715162
Mean	7535.829457
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3744
Skewness	0.005441796984
Sum	47633978
Variance	19051122.33
Monotonicity	Strictly increasing

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	< 0.1%
10015	1	< 0.1%
10013	1	< 0.1%
10011	1	< 0.1%
10009	1	< 0.1%
10005	1	< 0.1%
10004	1	< 0.1%
10003	1	< 0.1%
10002	1	< 0.1%
10001	1	< 0.1%
Other values (6311)	6311	99.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	< 0.1%
2	1	< 0.1%
3	1	< 0.1%
4	1	< 0.1%
5	1	< 0.1%
8	1	< 0.1%
10	1	< 0.1%
12	1	< 0.1%
13	1	< 0.1%
27	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
15144	1	< 0.1%
15139	1	< 0.1%
15138	1	< 0.1%
15137	1	< 0.1%
15129	1	< 0.1%
15128	1	< 0.1%
15124	1	< 0.1%
15123	1	< 0.1%
15121	1	< 0.1%
15115	1	< 0.1%

Auction_ID
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	807
Distinct (%)	12.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1241.38823

Minimum	5
Maximum	2538
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	49.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	5
5-th percentile	121
Q1	589
median	1246
Q3	1867
95-th percentile	2434
Maximum	2538
Range	2533
Interquartile range (IQR)	1278

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	735.770789
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5926999881
Kurtosis	-1.203514078
Mean	1241.38823
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	646
Skewness	0.04581737075
Sum	7846815
Variance	541358.654
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
589	26	0.4%
1872	26	0.4%
256	24	0.4%
658	24	0.4%
2498	23	0.4%
32	23	0.4%
1623	23	0.4%
1863	22	0.3%
1119	22	0.3%
860	22	0.3%
Other values (797)	6086	96.3%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5	9	0.1%
6	9	0.1%
8	3	< 0.1%
9	9	0.1%
17	11	0.2%
23	6	0.1%
25	8	0.1%
30	5	0.1%
31	8	0.1%
32	23	0.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2538	3	< 0.1%
2536	7	0.1%
2534	6	0.1%
2531	14	0.2%
2530	4	0.1%
2529	3	< 0.1%
2527	10	0.2%
2516	11	0.2%
2512	11	0.2%
2508	4	0.1%

Bidder_ID
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY

Distinct	1054
Distinct (%)	16.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	49.5 KiB

a***a	112
n***t	85
e***e	67
i***a	50
r***r	49
Other values (1049)	5958

Length

Max length	5
Median length	5
Mean length	5
Min length	5

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	31605
Distinct characters	41
Distinct categories	6 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	276 ?
Unique (%)	4.4%

Sample

1st row	_***i
2nd row	g***r
3rd row	t***p
4th row	7***n
5th row	z***z

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a***a	112	1.8%
n***t	85	1.3%
e***e	67	1.1%
i***a	50	0.8%
r***r	49	0.8%
l***l	48	0.8%
o***o	45	0.7%
i***i	44	0.7%
r***h	43	0.7%
r***a	41	0.6%
Other values (1044)	5737	90.8%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a***a	112	1.8%
n***t	85	1.3%
e***e	67	1.1%
i***a	50	0.8%
r***r	49	0.8%
l***l	48	0.8%
o***o	45	0.7%
i***i	44	0.7%
a	43	0.7%
r***h	43	0.7%
Other values (955)	5735	90.7%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
*	18972	60.0%
a	1288	4.1%
e	810	2.6%
i	746	2.4%
r	739	2.3%
n	675	2.1%
o	644	2.0%
l	582	1.8%
s	575	1.8%
t	537	1.7%
Other values (31)	6037	19.1%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Other Punctuation	19027	60.2%
Lowercase Letter	10318	32.6%
Decimal Number	1891	6.0%
Connector Punctuation	196	0.6%
Dash Punctuation	172	0.5%
Currency Symbol	1	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	1288	12.5%
e	810	7.9%
i	746	7.2%
r	739	7.2%
n	675	6.5%
o	644	6.2%
l	582	5.6%
s	575	5.6%
t	537	5.2%
m	431	4.2%
Other values (16)	3291	31.9%

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	442	23.4%
1	306	16.2%
2	222	11.7%
8	159	8.4%
9	152	8.0%
7	149	7.9%
4	129	6.8%
6	117	6.2%
3	114	6.0%
5	101	5.3%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
*	18972	99.7%
.	55	0.3%

Connector Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
_	196	100.0%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	172	100.0%

Currency Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
$	1	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	21287	67.4%
Latin	10318	32.6%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	1288	12.5%
e	810	7.9%
i	746	7.2%
r	739	7.2%
n	675	6.5%
o	644	6.2%
l	582	5.6%
s	575	5.6%
t	537	5.2%
m	431	4.2%
Other values (16)	3291	31.9%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
*	18972	89.1%
0	442	2.1%
1	306	1.4%
2	222	1.0%
_	196	0.9%
-	172	0.8%
8	159	0.7%
9	152	0.7%
7	149	0.7%
4	129	0.6%
Other values (5)	388	1.8%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	31605	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
*	18972	60.0%
a	1288	4.1%
e	810	2.6%
i	746	2.4%
r	739	2.3%
n	675	2.1%
o	644	2.0%
l	582	1.8%
s	575	1.8%
t	537	1.7%
Other values (31)	6037	19.1%

Bidder_Tendency
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct	489
Distinct (%)	7.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.1425407372

Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	153
Zeros (%)	2.4%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	49.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.008196721
Q1	0.027027027
median	0.0625
Q3	0.166666667
95-th percentile	0.545454545
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.13963964

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1970835553
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.382647229
Kurtosis	6.833835322
Mean	0.1425407372
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.046106557
Skewness	2.531213439
Sum	901.0000001
Variance	0.03884192777
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.25	190	3.0%
0.2	186	2.9%
0.5	162	2.6%
0	153	2.4%
0.333333333	142	2.2%
0.1	131	2.1%
0.111111111	124	2.0%
1	123	1.9%
0.090909091	120	1.9%
0.142857143	116	1.8%
Other values (479)	4874	77.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	153	2.4%
0.003021148	53	0.8%
0.006042296	14	0.2%
0.006802721	19	0.3%
0.007246377	45	0.7%
0.008196721	46	0.7%
0.008264463	18	0.3%
0.008403361	14	0.2%
0.008695652	41	0.6%
0.009063444	9	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	123	1.9%
0.954545455	1	< 0.1%
0.95	1	< 0.1%
0.944444444	1	< 0.1%
0.928571429	1	< 0.1%
0.916666667	2	< 0.1%
0.913043478	1	< 0.1%
0.909090909	1	< 0.1%
0.9	2	< 0.1%
0.896551724	1	< 0.1%

Bidding_Ratio
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	400
Distinct (%)	6.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.1276696725

Minimum	0.011764706
Maximum	1
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	49.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.011764706
5-th percentile	0.020833333
Q1	0.043478261
median	0.083333333
Q3	0.166666667
95-th percentile	0.4
Maximum	1
Range	0.988235294
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.123188406

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1315304218
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.030240144
Kurtosis	7.350693708
Mean	0.1276696725
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.046296296
Skewness	2.421639032
Sum	807.0000002
Variance	0.01730025187
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.166666667	233	3.7%
0.2	211	3.3%
0.083333333	189	3.0%
0.125	180	2.8%
0.111111111	175	2.8%
0.090909091	168	2.7%
0.142857143	159	2.5%
0.071428571	152	2.4%
0.1	150	2.4%
0.058823529	144	2.3%
Other values (390)	4560	72.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.011764706	29	0.5%
0.012658228	6	0.1%
0.013157895	7	0.1%
0.015384615	12	0.2%
0.015873016	18	0.3%
0.016129032	20	0.3%
0.016393443	6	0.1%
0.016949153	11	0.2%
0.017241379	7	0.1%
0.01754386	24	0.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	5	0.1%
0.961538462	1	< 0.1%
0.886363636	1	< 0.1%
0.875	2	< 0.1%
0.857142857	3	< 0.1%
0.833333333	3	< 0.1%
0.825	1	< 0.1%
0.818181818	1	< 0.1%
0.80952381	1	< 0.1%
0.8	6	0.1%

Successive_Outbidding
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	3
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	49.5 KiB

0.0	5478
1.0	469
0.5	374

Length

Max length	3
Median length	3
Mean length	3
Min length	3

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	18963
Distinct characters	4
Distinct categories	2 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	0.0
2nd row	0.0
3rd row	0.0
4th row	0.0
5th row	0.0

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0	5478	86.7%
1.0	469	7.4%
0.5	374	5.9%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Category Frequency Plot

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0	5478	86.7%
1.0	469	7.4%
0.5	374	5.9%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	11799	62.2%
.	6321	33.3%
1	469	2.5%
5	374	2.0%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	12642	66.7%
Other Punctuation	6321	33.3%

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	11799	93.3%
1	469	3.7%
5	374	3.0%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
.	6321	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	18963	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	11799	62.2%
.	6321	33.3%
1	469	2.5%
5	374	2.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	18963	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	11799	62.2%
.	6321	33.3%
1	469	2.5%
5	374	2.0%

Last_Bidding
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	5807
Distinct (%)	91.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.463119377

Minimum	0
Maximum	0.999900463
Zeros	8
Zeros (%)	0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	49.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	4.62963 × 10^-5
Q1	0.0479282407
median	0.4409375
Q3	0.8603626543
95-th percentile	0.9901342593
Maximum	0.999900463
Range	0.999900463
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.8124344136

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.3800972294
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.8207327274
Kurtosis	-1.608880478
Mean	0.463119377
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.4035119048
Skewness	0.08771046524
Sum	2927.377582
Variance	0.1444739038
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.31481 × 10^-5	29	0.5%
1.15741 × 10^-5	25	0.4%
9.9206 × 10^-6	19	0.3%
8.2672 × 10^-6	17	0.3%
8.10185 × 10^-5	17	0.3%
3.47222 × 10^-5	16	0.3%
4.62963 × 10^-5	15	0.2%
4.9603 × 10^-6	15	0.2%
6.9444 × 10^-6	13	0.2%
1.38889 × 10^-5	12	0.2%
Other values (5797)	6143	97.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	8	0.1%
1.6534 × 10^-6	6	0.1%
2.3148 × 10^-6	4	0.1%
3.3069 × 10^-6	12	0.2%
3.4722 × 10^-6	2	< 0.1%
3.858 × 10^-6	4	0.1%
4.6296 × 10^-6	9	0.1%
4.9603 × 10^-6	15	0.2%
6.6138 × 10^-6	7	0.1%
6.9444 × 10^-6	13	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.999900463	1	< 0.1%
0.9998842593	1	< 0.1%
0.9998396164	1	< 0.1%
0.9998240741	1	< 0.1%
0.9998197751	1	< 0.1%
0.9998082011	1	< 0.1%
0.9996990741	1	< 0.1%
0.9996015212	1	< 0.1%
0.9995821759	1	< 0.1%
0.9995601852	1	< 0.1%

Auction_Bids
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	49
Distinct (%)	0.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.2316057484

Minimum	0
Maximum	0.788235294
Zeros	2823
Zeros (%)	44.7%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	49.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0.142857143
Q3	0.454545455
95-th percentile	0.678571429
Maximum	0.788235294
Range	0.788235294
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.454545455

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.2552520147
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.102097061
Kurtosis	-1.156312208
Mean	0.2316057484
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.142857143
Skewness	0.5872723251
Sum	1463.979936
Variance	0.06515359099
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=49)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2823	44.7%
0.142857143	208	3.3%
0.25	166	2.6%
0.419354839	166	2.6%
0.28	158	2.5%
0.052631579	149	2.4%
0.333333333	143	2.3%
0.1	143	2.3%
0.307692308	127	2.0%
0.217391304	122	1.9%
Other values (39)	2116	33.5%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2823	44.7%
0.052631579	149	2.4%
0.1	143	2.3%
0.142857143	208	3.3%
0.181818182	112	1.8%
0.217391304	122	1.9%
0.25	166	2.6%
0.28	158	2.5%
0.307692308	127	2.0%
0.333333333	143	2.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.788235294	68	1.1%
0.772151899	16	0.3%
0.763157895	17	0.3%
0.723076923	24	0.4%
0.714285714	34	0.5%
0.709677419	49	0.8%
0.704918033	13	0.2%
0.694915254	17	0.3%
0.689655172	16	0.3%
0.684210526	57	0.9%

Starting_Price_Average
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	22
Distinct (%)	0.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.4728213414

Minimum	0
Maximum	0.999935281
Zeros	3253
Zeros (%)	51.5%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	49.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	0.993592814
95-th percentile	0.999935281
Maximum	0.999935281
Range	0.999935281
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.993592814

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.4899121676
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.036146478
Kurtosis	-1.973158938
Mean	0.4728213414
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	0.08641184491
Sum	2988.703699
Variance	0.240013932
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=22)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3253	51.5%
0.993592814	1921	30.4%
0.999935281	345	5.5%
0.993528095	322	5.1%
0.935345672	89	1.4%
0.676404764	48	0.8%
0.99935281	43	0.7%
0.998899776	36	0.6%
0.98712091	34	0.5%
0.825258573	29	0.5%
Other values (12)	201	3.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3253	51.5%
0.514607147	22	0.3%
0.54696667	15	0.2%
0.553050261	15	0.2%
0.676404764	48	0.8%
0.676469483	24	0.4%
0.805842859	5	0.1%
0.825258573	29	0.5%
0.929585677	3	< 0.1%
0.935280953	26	0.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.999935281	345	5.5%
0.99935281	43	0.7%
0.998899776	36	0.6%
0.995146071	13	0.2%
0.993592814	1921	30.4%
0.993528095	322	5.1%
0.98712091	34	0.5%
0.967705195	11	0.2%
0.967640476	29	0.5%
0.961233291	23	0.4%

Early_Bidding
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	5690
Distinct (%)	90.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.4306825513

Minimum	0
Maximum	0.999900463
Zeros	15
Zeros (%)	0.2%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	49.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	2.31481 × 10^-5
Q1	0.0266203704
median	0.3601041667
Q3	0.8267607564
95-th percentile	0.9886998457
Maximum	0.999900463
Range	0.999900463
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.800140386

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.3807851666
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.8841434729
Kurtosis	-1.582106675
Mean	0.4306825513
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.354728836
Skewness	0.2204189586
Sum	2722.344407
Variance	0.1449973431
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.31481 × 10^-5	42	0.7%
1.15741 × 10^-5	30	0.5%
9.9206 × 10^-6	25	0.4%
3.47222 × 10^-5	25	0.4%
4.62963 × 10^-5	21	0.3%
4.9603 × 10^-6	20	0.3%
3.3069 × 10^-6	18	0.3%
8.2672 × 10^-6	18	0.3%
6.94444 × 10^-5	15	0.2%
6.9444 × 10^-6	15	0.2%
Other values (5680)	6092	96.4%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	15	0.2%
1.6534 × 10^-6	12	0.2%
2.3148 × 10^-6	6	0.1%
3.3069 × 10^-6	18	0.3%
3.4722 × 10^-6	2	< 0.1%
3.858 × 10^-6	9	0.1%
4.6296 × 10^-6	10	0.2%
4.9603 × 10^-6	20	0.3%
6.6138 × 10^-6	14	0.2%
6.9444 × 10^-6	15	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.999900463	1	< 0.1%
0.9998688272	1	< 0.1%
0.9998396164	1	< 0.1%
0.9997962963	1	< 0.1%
0.9996990741	1	< 0.1%
0.9996015212	1	< 0.1%
0.9995601852	1	< 0.1%
0.9995300926	1	< 0.1%
0.9994907407	1	< 0.1%
0.9994791667	1	< 0.1%

Winning_Ratio
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	72
Distinct (%)	1.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.3677311985

Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	3640
Zeros (%)	57.6%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	49.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	0.851851852
95-th percentile	1
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.851851852

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.4365734667
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.187208125
Kurtosis	-1.737443619
Mean	0.3677311985
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	0.4041892864
Sum	2324.428906
Variance	0.1905963918
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3640	57.6%
1	826	13.1%
0.75	143	2.3%
0.833333333	110	1.7%
0.666666667	107	1.7%
0.8	78	1.2%
0.857142857	74	1.2%
0.916666667	69	1.1%
0.5	62	1.0%
0.866666667	58	0.9%
Other values (62)	1154	18.3%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3640	57.6%
0.333333333	12	0.2%
0.4	3	< 0.1%
0.5	62	1.0%
0.555555556	9	0.1%
0.571428571	12	0.2%
0.6	21	0.3%
0.611111111	11	0.2%
0.615384615	3	< 0.1%
0.625	2	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	826	13.1%
0.976744186	8	0.1%
0.954545455	12	0.2%
0.95	5	0.1%
0.947368421	11	0.2%
0.944444444	11	0.2%
0.941176471	9	0.1%
0.9375	6	0.1%
0.935483871	10	0.2%
0.933333333	40	0.6%

Auction_Duration
Categorical

Distinct	5
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	49.5 KiB

7	2427
3	1408
1	1289
5	1060
10	137

Length

Max length	2
Median length	1
Mean length	1.021673786
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	6458
Distinct characters	5
Distinct categories	1 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	5
2nd row	5
3rd row	5
4th row	5
5th row	7

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7	2427	38.4%
3	1408	22.3%
1	1289	20.4%
5	1060	16.8%
10	137	2.2%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Category Frequency Plot

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7	2427	38.4%
3	1408	22.3%
1	1289	20.4%
5	1060	16.8%
10	137	2.2%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7	2427	37.6%
1	1426	22.1%
3	1408	21.8%
5	1060	16.4%
0	137	2.1%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	6458	100.0%

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7	2427	37.6%
1	1426	22.1%
3	1408	21.8%
5	1060	16.4%
0	137	2.1%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	6458	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7	2427	37.6%
1	1426	22.1%
3	1408	21.8%
5	1060	16.4%
0	137	2.1%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	6458	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7	2427	37.6%
1	1426	22.1%
3	1408	21.8%
5	1060	16.4%
0	137	2.1%

Class
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	49.5 KiB

0	5646
1	675

Length

Max length	1
Median length	1
Mean length	1
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	6321
Distinct characters	2
Distinct categories	1 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	0
2nd row	0
3rd row	0
4th row	0
5th row	0

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5646	89.3%
1	675	10.7%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Category Frequency Plot

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5646	89.3%
1	675	10.7%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5646	89.3%
1	675	10.7%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	6321	100.0%

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5646	89.3%
1	675	10.7%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	6321	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5646	89.3%
1	675	10.7%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	6321	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5646	89.3%
1	675	10.7%

Auto

The auto setting is an easily interpretable pairwise column metric of the following mapping: vartype-vartype : method, categorical-categorical : Cramer's V, numerical-categorical : Cramer's V (using a discretized numerical column), numerical-numerical : Spearman's ρ. This configuration uses the best suitable for each pair of columns.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Cramér's V (φc)

Cramér's V is an association measure for nominal random variables. The coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 indicating independence and 1 indicating perfect association. The empirical estimators used for Cramér's V have been proved to be biased, even for large samples. We use a bias-corrected measure that has been proposed by Bergsma in 2013 that can be found here.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	Record_ID	Auction_ID	Bidder_ID	Bidder_Tendency	Bidding_Ratio	Successive_Outbidding	Last_Bidding	Auction_Bids	Starting_Price_Average	Early_Bidding	Winning_Ratio	Auction_Duration	Class
0	1	732	_***i	0.200000	0.400000	0.0	0.000028	0.000000	0.993593	0.000028	0.666667	5	0
1	2	732	g***r	0.024390	0.200000	0.0	0.013123	0.000000	0.993593	0.013123	0.944444	5	0
2	3	732	t***p	0.142857	0.200000	0.0	0.003042	0.000000	0.993593	0.003042	1.000000	5	0
3	4	732	7***n	0.100000	0.200000	0.0	0.097477	0.000000	0.993593	0.097477	1.000000	5	0
4	5	900	z***z	0.051282	0.222222	0.0	0.001318	0.000000	0.000000	0.001242	0.500000	7	0
5	8	900	i***e	0.038462	0.111111	0.0	0.016844	0.000000	0.000000	0.016844	0.800000	7	0
6	10	900	m***p	0.400000	0.222222	0.0	0.006781	0.000000	0.000000	0.006774	0.750000	7	0
7	12	900	k***a	0.137931	0.444444	1.0	0.768044	0.000000	0.000000	0.016311	1.000000	7	1
8	13	2370	g***r	0.121951	0.185185	1.0	0.035021	0.333333	0.993528	0.023963	0.944444	7	1
9	27	600	e***t	0.155172	0.346154	0.5	0.570994	0.307692	0.993593	0.413788	0.611111	7	1

Last rows

	Record_ID	Auction_ID	Bidder_ID	Bidder_Tendency	Bidding_Ratio	Successive_Outbidding	Last_Bidding	Auction_Bids	Starting_Price_Average	Early_Bidding	Winning_Ratio	Auction_Duration	Class
6311	15115	760	s***l	0.028571	0.040000	0.0	0.057203	0.280000	0.993593	0.057203	0.000000	3	0
6312	15121	927	v***-	0.181818	0.095238	0.0	0.955694	0.142857	0.000000	0.955313	0.000000	1	0
6313	15123	760	c***e	0.111111	0.040000	0.0	0.569726	0.280000	0.993593	0.569726	0.000000	3	0
6314	15124	760	q***0	0.625000	0.200000	0.5	0.473063	0.280000	0.993593	0.431902	0.500000	3	0
6315	15128	760	i***l	0.022222	0.040000	0.0	0.629606	0.280000	0.993593	0.629606	0.000000	3	0
6316	15129	760	l***t	0.333333	0.160000	1.0	0.738557	0.280000	0.993593	0.686358	0.888889	3	1
6317	15137	2481	s***s	0.030612	0.130435	0.0	0.005754	0.217391	0.993593	0.000010	0.878788	7	0
6318	15138	2481	h***t	0.055556	0.043478	0.0	0.015663	0.217391	0.993593	0.015663	0.000000	7	0
6319	15139	2481	d***d	0.076923	0.086957	0.0	0.068694	0.217391	0.993593	0.000415	0.000000	7	0
6320	15144	2481	a***l	0.016393	0.043478	0.0	0.340351	0.217391	0.993593	0.340351	0.000000	7	0

Overview

Variables

Common Values

Length

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Decimal Number

Other Punctuation

Connector Punctuation

Dash Punctuation

Currency Symbol

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Common

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Common Values

Length

Category Frequency Plot

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Other Punctuation

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Common

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Common Values

Length

Category Frequency Plot

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Common

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Common Values

Length

Category Frequency Plot

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Common

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Interactions

Correlations

Auto

Spearman's ρ

Pearson's r

Kendall's τ

Cramér's V (φc)

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows